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The High Priest brings atonement to all Israel by means of the Yom Kippur service: '''the "sent goat" -- since it provides atonement for all Israel, the High Priest confesses over it in the name of all Israel'''  {{hcite|i/1501n.htm#5|Laws of Repentance 1:5}}.  And because he is God's emissary, who brings atonement to Israel, the Torah does not need to spell out that he will receive atonement.  Or perhaps the Torah wishes to hint that the greater the person, the more he must be careful -- and therefore it refrained from stating "he shall be forgiven", since he must direct his own actions with much more care.
 
The High Priest brings atonement to all Israel by means of the Yom Kippur service: '''the "sent goat" -- since it provides atonement for all Israel, the High Priest confesses over it in the name of all Israel'''  {{hcite|i/1501n.htm#5|Laws of Repentance 1:5}}.  And because he is God's emissary, who brings atonement to Israel, the Torah does not need to spell out that he will receive atonement.  Or perhaps the Torah wishes to hint that the greater the person, the more he must be careful -- and therefore it refrained from stating "he shall be forgiven", since he must direct his own actions with much more care.
  
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Latest revision as of 20:38, 17 March 2011

Vayikra 5771 - ויקרא תשע"א
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עברית

וְעָשָׂה לַפָּר -- כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לְפַר הַחַטָּאת, כֵּן יַעֲשֶׂה-לּוֹ; וְכִפֶּר עֲלֵהֶם הַכֹּהֵן, וְנִסְלַח לָהֶם  (ויקרא ד:כ)

מדובר כאן בשגגת העם: וְאִם כָּל-עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, יִשְׁגּוּ, וְנֶעְלַם דָּבָר, מֵעֵינֵי הַקָּהָל; וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּל-מִצְוֹת ה', אֲשֶׁר לֹא-תֵעָשֶׂינָה -- וְאָשֵׁמוּ  (שם יג). בתורה שבעל פי מתברר ש"שגגת העם" היא שגגת בית דין הגדול: בֵּית דִּין שֶׁשָּׁגְגוּ וְהוֹרוּ לַעְקֹר גּוּף מִגּוּפֵי תּוֹרָה, וְעָשׂוּ כָּל הָעָם עַל פִּיהֶם -- בֵּית דִּין פְּטוּרִין, וְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִן הָעוֹשִׂים חַיָּב בְּחַטָּאת קְבוּעָה: שֶׁנֶּאֱמָר "וְנֶעְלַם דָּבָר", וְלֹא כָּל הַגּוּף. לְעוֹלָם אֵין בֵּית דִּין חַיָּבִין עַד שֶׁיּוֹרוּ לְבַטַּל מִקְצָת וּלְקַיַּם מִקְצָת, בִּדְבָרִים שְׁאֵינָן מְפֹרָשִׁין מְבֹאָרִין בַּתּוֹרָה; וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִהְיוּ בֵּית דִּין חַיָּבִין בַּקָּרְבָּן, וְהָעוֹשִׂים עַל פִּיהֶם פְּטוּרִין  (הל' שגגות יד:א).

הקטע שלפני הפסוק שלנו מדבר בשגגת כוהן גדול: אִם הַכֹּהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ יֶחֱטָא, לְאַשְׁמַת הָעָם…  (וקרא ד:ג). אבל שם, לעומת הקטע שלנו, התורה לא אומרת "ונסלח לו" ולא לשון כפרה. למה? והרי שֶׁכָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ לָהֶן חֵלֶק לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָטְאוּ  (הל' תשובה ג:יג)!

הכוהן הגדול מביא כפרה לכל ישראל על ידי עבודת יום הכיפורים: שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ -- לְפִי שְׁהוּא כַּפָּרָה לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל, כּוֹהֵן גָּדוֹל מִתְוַדֶּה עָלָיו עַל לְשׁוֹן כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל  (הל' תשובה א:ה). וכיוון שהוא שליח ה' שמביא כפרה לישראל, אין צורך לומר בפירוש שהוא יכופר. או אולי הכתוב רוצה לרמוז שככל שהאדם גדול יותר, צריך הוא להיות זהיר יותר -- ולכן התורה שתקה מלומר "ונסלח לו", כי הוא צריך לנהוג עצמו ביתר זהירות.


English

Thus shall he do with the bullock; as he did with the bullock of the sin-offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven  (Lev 4:20)

Here it is referring to a mistake by the people: And if the whole congregation of Israel shall err, the thing being hid from the eyes of the assembly, and do any of the things which the LORD hath commanded not to be done, and are guilty  (ibid 13). The Oral Torah clarifies that the "public mistake" means that the Sanhedrin erred: a High Court which erred, and ruled to uproot one of the main bodies of the Torah, and the people obeyed them -- the court is exempt, and each individual who obeyed them must bring a fixed sin offering: as the verse states, "the thing being hid", and not the entire body. The court is never held accountable until such time as they rule to uproot a portion and leave a portion, in those matters which are not explicitly stated in the Torah; but if they did, the court would be liable for an offering, and those who obeyed them exempt.  (Laws of Errors 14:1).

The segment prior to our verse speaks about an error made by the High Priest: if the anointed priest shall sin so as to bring guilt on the people…  (Lev 4:3). But there, in contrast to our segment, the Torah does not say "he shall be forgiven", nor any words regarding atonement. Why? After all all Jews have a portion in the World to come, even if they sinned  (Laws of Repentance 3:13)!

The High Priest brings atonement to all Israel by means of the Yom Kippur service: the "sent goat" -- since it provides atonement for all Israel, the High Priest confesses over it in the name of all Israel  (Laws of Repentance 1:5). And because he is God's emissary, who brings atonement to Israel, the Torah does not need to spell out that he will receive atonement. Or perhaps the Torah wishes to hint that the greater the person, the more he must be careful -- and therefore it refrained from stating "he shall be forgiven", since he must direct his own actions with much more care.



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